The nature of phobias and the "stress" disaster of modern men: analyzing physical and mental stress responses and five major physiological effects

Fear is a phenomenon that has accompanied humans since the beginning of evolution. The difference between fear and apprehension is that the latter is based on a specific, actual threat. If fear dominates a person's daily life and poses a threat to that life, then it is a phobia. Typical symptoms of phobias include: decreased appetite or weight changes, insomnia, frequent fatigue, irritability, difficulty concentrating, nausea, trembling, and excessive alcohol consumption. Phobias can lead to withdrawal from daily life and social isolation. Freud explained fear as a manifestation of inner emotional ambivalence. Fear can arise when a person's self-worth is threatened, such as by impotence or career failure. Stress is a feature of our daily lives today and will become increasingly severe. Stress is linked to all leading causes of death, including heart disease, cancer, kidney failure, accidents, and suicide. 60% of illnesses are caused by stress-related psychological problems. Nearly half of American workers suffer from a stress disorder known as "work-related burnout." Work-related stress is one of the leading causes of illness in men. Acute stress disorder is a reaction to a sudden threat. Generally, the first reaction to stress is behavioral change. If this change is insufficient to reduce the stress level, physical and symptomatic reactions will occur to a large extent: First, the hormones adrenaline or cortisol are released, leading to an increased heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure. The liver releases more blood sugar, increasing blood flow to the brain and muscles. Chronic stress disrupts endocrine function and makes people more susceptible to viral or bacterial infections, causing the cardiovascular system to work under excessive strain. Stress can cause decreased libido, impotence, premature ejaculation, or delayed ejaculation in men. The most common sources of stress responses include noise, isolation, hunger, anxiety, infectious diseases, and crowded places. Our body's reaction to stress can be compared to the instant before an airplane takes off, when all systems are in "start" mode. Specific reactions include: Brain: Under stress, the brain becomes more alert and thinking becomes more active. Heart, lungs, and circulatory system: They must beat and breathe faster to deliver more oxygen and nutrients to organs. Endocrine system: Stress weakens certain secretions of the endocrine system, reducing its activity. Meanwhile, some components of the immune system, such as white blood cells, are dispatched like guards to the front lines of our body. Mouth and throat: Body fluids are redistributed, with reduced fluid secretion in non-essential areas. Therefore, under stress, we experience dry mouth, difficulty speaking, and difficulty swallowing. Skin: Stress causes skin to become cold, sticky, and sweaty. The drop in skin temperature is due to blood flowing to the heart and muscles from the body's surface, thus reducing blood loss in case of injury. Metabolism: During stress, the body's digestive system stops working because digestion is a less important function during this time.