Part 3: Application of Pathological Indicators and Psychological Tests in the Diagnosis of Psychological Abnormalities
Pathological indicators
(2) Indicators for psychological experiments and tests
Various psychological testing tools and experimental instruments can indeed provide relatively objective data; at the same time, as standardized methods, they are easy for everyone to master, greatly reducing the variability among different researchers. For example, various memory test scales or instruments can be used to determine whether someone's memory ability is abnormal; various intelligence test tools can be used to determine whether someone's intelligence is normal; and various personality scales can be used to determine whether someone's personality is normal, and so on. However, these methods or indicators are only relative and still have significant limitations. This is because human psychological activities, whether normal or abnormal, are very complex and influenced and constrained by many factors, making it difficult to accurately measure them using simple testing tools or instruments. Furthermore, there are many aspects of psychological and behavioral activities in a person whose normal or abnormal state cannot yet be determined using testing tools or instruments.
As mentioned above, it is extremely difficult to find a perfect, objective, and consistent indicator for distinguishing between normal and abnormal psychological activities. None of the four indicators listed above can completely solve the problem when used alone. However, this does not mean that normal and abnormal psychological activities are undistinguishable, because generally speaking, although the boundary between normal and abnormal is unclear, it is still possible to differentiate between them.
Expression and adjustment of negative emotions
1. Manifestations of negative emotions
(1) Nervous behaviors. Habitual muscle twitching, frowning, making strange faces, blinking constantly, biting lips, stuttering, frequent blushing or paleness, morbid complaining, frequent sobbing, etc.
(2) Emotional reactions deviate from normal. Excessive anxiety about mistakes and excessive sadness about failures; being overly cautious and attentive to details; avoiding responsibility and being unwilling to take on new and difficult tasks; being indifferent to everything around them and feeling that the people and things around them are annoying; lacking interest in work goals; disliking talking, being unable to control their speech or laughing foolishly, and having excessive facial expressions and movements.
(3) Immature behaviors. Inability to work alone; inability to make independent judgments; feelings of inferiority; heavy mood; excessive suspicion or blame of others; overly docile and easily influenced by suggestion; prone to fear and indecisiveness;
(4) Show-off behavior. Teasing or pushing others; stiff and unserious movements; attracting excessive attention; being overly solicitous; constantly boasting; frequently deceiving others.
(5) Illegal and disorderly conduct. Being cruel to others; bullying the weak; insulting others; using foul language; showing excessive concern for the opposite sex and attempting to have physical contact; looking at obscene books and paintings; lacking interest in learning; skipping school and being absent from class.
(6) Mental and physical imbalance. Inverted or disordered clothing habits; nausea or vomiting when feeling sad; various physical pain symptoms.
2. Methods for regulating negative emotions
(1) Environmental adjustment method. When feeling depressed, going outside for a walk can help regulate emotions. The best way to eliminate worries is to watch a comedy movie or TV series. When feeling unhappy, going to an amusement park to play games can relieve sorrow and boredom.
(2) Self-encouragement method. Comfort yourself with certain philosophies or wise sayings, and encourage yourself to fight against pain and adversity. Entertaining yourself and finding joy in yourself will improve your mood.
(3) Language regulation method. When you are sad, reading aloud short jokes or humorous stories will make you feel happy without you even realizing it. Some people hang banners with the words "Control your anger" on the wall; others write aphorisms such as "Endure" and "Calm down" on their bedside, using silent language to command, remind, and suggest themselves to regulate their emotions.
3. Adjustment of various negative emotions
dissatisfied
Dissatisfaction is negative; it neither helps solve problems nor does it have a good effect on physical and mental health. Therefore, everyone should learn to control the generation of dissatisfaction.
Adjustment
(1) Consider problems from a practical perspective. Always consider whether your needs or viewpoints are realistic and reasonable. For example, the desire to eliminate social ills is good, but these ills cannot be eradicated overnight. Due to limitations in the country's economic development or other conditions, many things are temporarily impossible to achieve. If you don't consider reality, it will be difficult to control your dissatisfaction.
(2) Learn to observe things comprehensively. If you can observe anything from different angles, you will see the whole picture. For example, if your friend betrays you at a crucial moment, if you think about it from another perspective, it is a blessing in disguise for you that such a person revealed his true colors sooner; he does not deserve to be your friend. In this way, you will feel enlightened and your spirits will be lifted.
(3) Have self-awareness. Life is not always smooth sailing. One must have self-awareness, be good at assessing oneself, understand one's strengths and weaknesses, and do things within one's capabilities. One should not be overly ambitious or pursue unrealistic goals. Doing things within one's capabilities often leads to peace of mind and self-satisfaction.
(4) Cultivate resilience to setbacks. In life, one must withstand the test of setbacks and have the resilience to endure them. In the pursuit of goals, difficulties and setbacks will inevitably arise. However, if we maintain a fervent desire to improve, these difficulties and setbacks can be overcome. Failure is the mother of success; by summarizing experiences and preparing for future attempts, success will beckon. This helps resolve psychological conflicts and prevents constant distress.
(5) Pay attention to self-regulation of emotions. Human emotions are controlled by consciousness and will. When feeling dissatisfied, one should promptly regulate oneself. For example, watching a movie, participating in sports or cultural activities can help one forget unpleasant feelings. Writing words such as "calm down" or "contemplate" on one's desk or bedside can also have a certain effect on self-suggestion.